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I. Miguel, M.A., M.D.

Deputy Director, Southern California College of Osteopathic Medicine

Ultimately impotence natural treatment best viagra 75 mg, the Committee either reaches a final consensus on the issue erectile dysfunction under 40 buy viagra 100 mg amex, a vote is taken erectile dysfunction medications injection discount viagra 25 mg with mastercard, or (very rarely) the Committee agrees to cease work on the item erectile dysfunction remedies fruits purchase viagra 25mg without a prescription. Countries wishing to record their opposition to a decision of a Committee or the Commission may do so. Experts and specialists in a wide range of scientific disciplines have contributed to every aspect of Codex activities to ensure that Codex standards withstand scientific scrutiny. Members shall ensure that any sanitary and phytosanitary measure is based on scientific principles. Members shall ensure that their sanitary and phytosanitary measures are based on an assessment, as appropriate to the circumstances, of the risks to human, animal or plant life or health. The food standards, guidelines, and other recommendations of Codex Alimentarius shall be based on the principle of sound scientific analysis and evidence, involving a thorough review of all relevant information, in order that the standards assure the quality and safety of the food supply. When elaborating and deciding upon food standards, Codex Alimentarius will have regard, where appropriate, to other legitimate factors relevant for the health protection of consumers and for the promotion of fair practices in food trade. In this regard it is noted that food labeling plays an important role in furthering both of these objectives. When the situation arises that members of Codex agree on the necessary level of protection of public health but hold differing views about other considerations, members may abstain from acceptance of the relevant standard without necessarily preventing the decision by Codex. These four principles established the fundamental policy by which Codex will undertake its standards-setting work. The first principle clearly articulates that food standards, guidelines, and other recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius shall be based on the principle of sound scientific analysis and evidence. The second principle, relating to what are termed "other legitimate factors," is more complex and states that Codex, in its standards-setting activities, will have regard, where appropriate, to other legitimate factors relevant for the health protection of consumers and for the promotion of fair practices in food trade. Acceptance may be somewhat more difficult with factors such as economic feasibility, environmental impact, impact on health status, and consumer perception of risk. Working from the findings of three Joint Expert Consultations dealing with the three components of risk analysis (risk assessment, risk management, risk communication) and from the discussions of several key Codex horizontal committees (Food Hygiene, Pesticide Residues, Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods, and Food Additives and Contaminants), Codex is in the process of delineating a comprehensive series of Working Principles of Risk Analysis (8) that will lay a further scientific foundation for the elaboration of Codex standards, guidelines, and recommendations. This Codex effort in establishing Sound Science Principles and Working Principles of Risk Analysis should establish a comprehensive scientific framework for the work Codex undertakes in elaborating standards. This effort is also providing a framework for countries to use in their own individual food safety standards setting. A good example is the proposed draft Code of Hygienic Practice for Milk and Milk Products discussed below. The first involves drafting basic provisions on food hygiene applicable to all food. In practice this takes the form of the development (and revision when needed) of Codex Codes of Hygienic Practice for various food commodities. The second responsibility is to consider/review food hygiene provisions of Codex commodity standards or other texts. Codex committees generally serve as a resource to the Commission in their area of expertise. Codes of Hygienic Practice the Codex Codes of Hygienic Practice provide guidance on the hygienic production and processing of foods. The base reference document in this area is the Reconmended International Code of Practice: General Principles of Food Hygiene (9). These codes reference the Recommended International Code of Practice: General Principles of Food Hygiene and are constructed so that only hygiene provisions supplemental to those present in the General Principles code and specific for the commodity type covered in the code are given. Countries differed as to the microbiological risk associated with this product type. The result to date has been the development of a draft proposed Code that permits countries to manufacture products in multiple ways (in which the microbiological risks may be different). Hygiene Provisions of Commodity Standards Codex develops recommended standards for a multitude of specific food commodities. Provisions of these standards include sections on essential composition (a basic standard of identity), packaging, and labeling. This is normally a routine activity, and the recommended wording noted above is approved. The review of eight generic dairy product standards, including that for cheese, is a case in point (11).

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